Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is the main resource for determining the identity of prokaryotic organisms, emphasizing bacterial species, using every characterizing aspect.

The manual was published subsequent to the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, though the latter is still published as a guide for identifying unknown bacteria.^[1] First published in 1923 by David Hendricks Bergey, it is used to classify bacteria based on their structural and functional attributes by arranging them into specific familial orders. However, this process has become more empirical in recent years.^[2]

The Taxonomic Outline of Bacteria and Archaea is a derived publication indexing taxon names from version two of the manual.^[3] It used to be available for free from the Bergey's manual trust website until September 2018.^[4]Michigan State University provides an alternative version that indexes NamesforLife records.^[5]

Organization[edit]

This item: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 4 (Bergey's Manual/ Systemic Bacteriology (2nd by Aidan Parte Hardcover $315.33 Only 20 left in stock (more on the way). Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. More careful examination reveals a massive transformation; systematic bacteriology has changed for ever. Happily the changes are reflected in the growth of the introductory chapter. The reading of these generally well-written introductory chapters is essential for the proper understanding and use of the new edition.

The change in volume set to 'Systematic Bacteriology' came in a new contract in 1980, whereupon the new style included 'relationships between organisms' and had 'expanded scope' overall. This new style was picked up for a four-volume set^[6] that first began publishing in 1984. The information in the volumes was separated as:

Volume 1 included information on all types of Gram-negative bacteria that were considered to have 'medical and industrial importance.' Volume 2 included information on all types of Gram-positive bacteria. Volume 3 deals with all of the remaining, slightly different Gram-negative bacteria, along with the Archaea. Volume 4 has information on filamentousactinomycetes and other, similar bacteria.^[7]

The current volumes differ drastically from previous volumes in that many higher taxa are not defined in terms of phenotype, but solely on 16S phylogeny, as is the case of the classes within Proteobacteria.^[8]

The current grouping is:

Bergey Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology Flowchart 2

• Volume 1 (2001): The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria^[9]
• Volume 2 (2005): The Proteobacteria—divided into three books:
  • 2A: Introductory essays^[8]
  • 2B: The Gammaproteobacteria^[10]
  • 2C: Other classes of Proteobacteria^[11]
• Volume 3 (2009): The Firmicutes^[12]
• Volume 4 (2011): The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes^[13]
• Volume 5 (in two parts) (2012): The Actinobacteria^[14]

Bergey's manual of systematics of archaea and bacteria (2015), an online book, replaces the five-volume set.^[15]

Bergey's Manual Trust[edit]

Bergey's Manual Trust was established in 1936 to sustain the publication of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and supplementary reference works. The Trust also recognizes individuals who have made outstanding contributions to bacterial taxonomy by presentation of the Bergey Award and Bergey Medal, jointly supported by funds from the Trust and from Springer, the publishers of the Manual.

Bergey Manual Of Systematic Bacteriology Flowchart 2019

Bergey's Manual Trust and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. co-publish the online encyclopedia Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).

Critical reception[edit]

The Annals of Internal Medicine described the volumes as 'clearly written, precise, and easy to read' and 'particularly designed for those interested in taxonomy.'^[16]

Editions[edit]

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology[edit]

• Bergey, D.H., Harrison, F.C., Breed, R.S., Hammer, B.W. & Huntoon, F.M. (eds., 1923). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 442 p.
• Bergey, D.H., Harrison, F.C., Breed, R.S., Hammer, B.W. & Huntoon, F.M. (eds., 1925). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 2nd ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 462 p.
• Bergey, D.H., Harrison, F.C., Breed, R.S., Hammer, B.W. & Huntoon, F.M. (eds., 1930). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 3rd., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 589 p.
• Bergey, D.H., Breed, R.S., Hammer, B.W., Huntoon, F.M., Murray, E.G.D. & Harrison, F.C. (eds., 1934). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 4th ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore.
• Bergey, D.H., Breed, R.S., Murray, E.G.D. & Hitchens, A.P. (eds., 1939). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 5th ed., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
• Breed, R.S., Murray, E.G.D. & Hitchens, A.P. (eds., 1948). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, [1].
• Breed, R.S., Murray, E.G.D. & Smith, N.R. (eds., 1957). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th ed., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, [2].
• Buchanan, R.E. & Gibbons, N.R. (eds., 1974). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore.

Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1st ed.[edit]

• Krieg, N.R. & Holt, J.G. (eds., 1984). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1st ed., vol. 1, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
• Sneath, P.H.A., Mair, N.S., Sharpe, M.E. & Holt, J.G. (eds., 1986). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1st ed., vol. 2, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
• Staley, J.T., Bryant, M.P., Pfennig, N. & Holt, J.G. (eds., 1989). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1st ed., vol. 3, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
• Williams, S.T., Sharpe, M.E. & Holt, J.G. (eds., 1989). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1st ed., vol. 4, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed.[edit]

• Garrity, G.M., Boone, D.R. & Castenholz, R.W. (eds., 2001). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 1, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY
• Brenner, D.J., Krieg, N.R., Staley, J.T. & Garrity, G.M. (eds., 2005). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 2, parts A, B and C, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
• Vos, P., Garrity, G., Jones, D., Krieg, N.R., Ludwig, W., Rainey, F.A., Schleifer, K.-H. & Whitman, W.B. (eds., 2009). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 3, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
• Krieg, N.R., Ludwig, W., Whitman, W.B., Hedlund, B.P., Paster, B.J., Staley, J.T., Ward, N. & Brown, D. (eds., 2010). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
• Whitman, W.B., Goodfellow, M., Kämpfer, P., Busse, H.-J., Trujillo, M.E., Ludwig, W. & Suzuki, K.-i. (eds., 2012). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed., vol. 5, parts A and B, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

Other[edit]

• Buchanan, R.E., Holt, J.G. & Lessel Jr, E.F. (1966). Index Bergeyana: An Annotated Alphabetic Listing of Names of the Taxa of the Bacteria. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md.
• Holt, J.G. (ed., 1977). The Shorter Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md.
• Gibbons, N.E., Pattee, K.B. & Holt, J.G. (eds., 1981). Supplement to Index Bergeyana. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md.

References[edit]

1. ^Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Book Review Int. J. of Syst. Bact.; July 1985, p. 408
2. ^History of the ManualArchived December 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
3. ^Whitman WB, ed. (2015). 'Taxonomic Outline of Bacteria and Archaea'. Bergey's manual of systematics of archaea and bacteria. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.bm00024. ISBN9781118960608.
4. ^Garrity, G.M.; Winters, M.; Kuo, A.W.; Searles, D.B. (2001). Taxonomic Outline of the Procaryotes, Release 1.0. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (Second ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 320. Archived from the original on 2017-07-22.
5. ^Garrity GM, Lilburn TG, Cole JR, Harrison SH, Euzeby J, Tindall BJ (2007). Lilburn T, Harrison S, Euzéby J, Tindall B (eds.). 'Taxonomic Outline of the Bacteria and Archaea, Release 7.7'. Michigan State University Board of Trustees. doi:10.1601/TOBA7.7.Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
6. ^'The new format, which has an expanded scope and examines relationships between organisms (systematics), is called Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Work on the first volume in the four-volume sequence began in 1980 and was ...', 'Microbiology' by Daniel V. Lim, Kendall Hunt, 2003
7. ^'Bergey's Manuals', Understanding bacteria by Sheela Srivastava, Springer, 2003, Pg. 40
8. ^ ^abDon J. Brenner; Noel R. Krieg; James T. Staley (July 26, 2005) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. George M. Garrity (ed.). Introductory Essays. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2A (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 304. ISBN978-0-387-24143-2. British Library no. GBA561951.
9. ^Boone, David R.; Castenholz, Richard W. (May 18, 2001) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. George M. Garrity (ed.). The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototrophic Bacteria. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. pp. 721. ISBN978-0-387-98771-2. British Library no. GBA561951.
10. ^Don J. Brenner; Noel R. Krieg; James T. Staley (July 26, 2005) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. George M. Garrity (ed.). The Gammaproteobacteria. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2B (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 1108. ISBN978-0-387-24144-9. British Library no. GBA561951.
11. ^Don J. Brenner; Noel R. Krieg; James T. Staley (July 26, 2005) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. George M. Garrity (ed.). The Proteobacteria. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2C (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. pp. 1388. ISBN978-0-387-24145-6. British Library no. GBA561951.
12. ^Vos, P.; Garrity, G.; Jones, D.; Krieg, N.R.; Ludwig, W.; Rainey, F.A.; Schleifer, K.-H.; Whitman, W.B. (September 15, 2009) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. George M. Garrity (ed.). The Firmicutes. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 3 (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 1450. ISBN978-0-387-95041-9. British Library no. GBA561951.
13. ^Krieg, N.R.; Ludwig, W.; Whitman, W.B.; Hedlund, B.P.; Paster, B.J.; Staley, J.T.; Ward, N.; Brown, D.; Parte, A. (November 24, 2010) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. George M. Garrity (ed.). The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 4 (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 908. ISBN978-0-387-95042-6. British Library no. GBA561951.
14. ^Whitman, W.B.; Goodfellow, M.; Kämpfer, P.; Busse, H.-J.; Trujillo, M.E.; Ludwig, W.; Suzuki, K.-i.; Parte, A. (January 29, 2012) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. George M. Garrity (ed.). The Actinobacteria. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 4 (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 1750. ISBN978-0-387-95043-3. British Library no. GBA561951.
15. ^Whitman WB, ed. (2015). Bergey's manual of systematics of archaea and bacteria. doi:10.1002/9781118960608. ISBN9781118960608.
16. ^'Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology', Book Reviews, Notes, and Listings, Annals of Internal Medicine

External links[edit]

The first thing you'll need to do is determine your unknown's group number. To do that, you will need to consult Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th edition). To find your group number, look through the table of contents of the manual, and use the table that starts on page 17. Most unknowns will be in one of these groups:

• Gram-Negative, Aerobic/Microaerophilic Rods and Cocci --Group 4
• Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods --Group 5
• Gram-Positive Cocci --Group 17
• Endospore-Forming Gram-Positive Rods and Cocci --Group 18
• Regular, Nonsporing Gram-Positive Rods --Group 19
• Irregular, Nonsporing Gram-Positive Rods --Group 20
• Aerobic, Nonmotile, Nonsporing, Acid-fast, Weakly Gram-Positive Rods --Group 21

Once you think you know your group number (or you have a few possibilities) go to the pages for your group within the manual. From there, you should find more information to help you make a final determination that you have the right group. You might also consult the information below to help you find the best tables to make a final determination about your unknown's group number:

Step 2: Determine the genus of your unknown.

To determine the genus of your unknown, you'll need to keep using Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th edition). You should have the right group number by now, so go to the pages for your group. These pages should help you identify the genus of your unknown. There might be both tables and descriptions to help you identify the genus. You might find more than one possible match -- that's ok. The next step should provide more information to help you narrow down to a final choice.

Step 3. Read about your genus to make sure you have a match.

Step 4. Identify your unknown to the species level.

The genus description should contain information that helps you differentiate the species in your genus – so, you can compare your lab results to attempt to identify the species of your unknown. Be sure to read both the genus and the species descriptions, because characteristics listed in the genus description aren’t repeated in the species description!

Step 5. Troubleshoot problems.

If you find that the tables in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th edition only allowed you to identify your bacteria down to the family level, then search the Systematic manual (link provided above) for your family name to see if the family description contains the tables you need to narrow down from family to genus. If the Systematic manual DOESN’T contain the tables you need, then you’ll have to come to the Main Desk at Cline Library and to once again consult Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th edition. Look up your family name in the index of the Determinative manual to see if there are tables you need that you previously missed.

Also keep in mind that sometimes a taxonomic name can be declared a synonym of another name, and thus is no longer used. Try looking your name up in either of these two resources:

If you find that another name is being used, look that name up in Bergey's instead. For example, the genus name Aurobacterium has been synonomized with Microbacterium, so you'd look up Microbacteriuminstead

Adapted from Nothern Arizona University LibGuide URL:https://libraryguides.nau.edu/bio205l-305w